KOTACK FISH & AGRO VENTURES

  For organic farmers   Pick about four out of the following herbs, blend together and add little bit of Sharivit    carrot,  cucumber,  onion,  garlic,  turmeric,  dill,  oregano,  tobacco,  fenugreek,  basil,  triphala etc.  You can blend the combo with market grinder (the common one markets) Don't forget to add few drops of Sharivit after blending. Serve 30 ml per litre of water.  Repeat this for 3 days. And remember to worm the birds every 56days.. For Synthetic  Your regular ivermectin, levamesol, piperazine, albendazole etc based drugs will do the trick  Pls deworm/delouse.every 2-3mths depending on how clean your farm environment is

It is very important to have good uniformity in broilers to maximize the performance. Variation in their body weights causes lot of complications and problems. If the flock is not uniform, it will take longer time to grow and many rejections at slaughter house. Different type of enteric and other diseases can easily disturb the flock resulting in severe economic losses. FCR is badly affected by unevenness in a flock and the result is less profitability. If the chicks are uneven the shed environment is not equal to all the chicks placed in the same house and this creates a lot of stress on some chicks making them more porn to diseases. Remember “Uniformity is money”. Try to have a maximum uniformity to maximize the profit. Following are some key points to be considered to get good uniformity. Brooding period is always very crucial especially in winter. Before arrival of chicks, preheating of sheds is very important. Depending on the weather, area, type of construction, insulation status...

  Heat stress has to be managed by a combination of management methods. 1) House management  2) Nutritional management   A. HOUSING MANAGEMENT Maintaining coolness in the poultry house is an important management option. It starts with the planning of house design and also management of the house and the birds after house construction.  Outside of the poultry house, don't allowed tall trees and weeds, it will restrict air flow, while bare ground can reflect heat into the poultry pen.  Low cut grass is best as it helps to absorb the sun and heat.   B NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT  A )  AVAILABILITY OF COOL DRINKING WATER  Water is the important media for heat loss. About 70-80% of the bird's heat production is dissipated via panting ( evaporating cooling). Adequate water provision is a must as water restriction even for a short period is disastrous for poultry in hot weather. Even though birds drink more water,it's retention in the cells is ...

  What is ventilation? Adequate ventilation ensures bird comfort, bird health and welfare. The ventilation requirements of the broilers changes as it grows and with climatic conditions; ranging from providing a minimum amount of fresh air (regardless of outside temperature) in cold weather, to creating high air speed to keep birds comfortable during hot and/or humid conditions PURPOSE OF VENTILATION To maintain bird comfort To provide fresh air To exhaust moisture To maintain air quality (remove odor and harmful gases) To distribute heat and fresh air evenly To regulate house temperature  To help maintain good litter quality To control effective temperature of the bird Ventilation management of open sided houses requires constant attention. Open-sided houses are vulnerable to high daytime temperatures and to outside colder air during the night time or when raining. The challenge is to keep the broiler chicks warm in the first 14 days of life and later, to provide appropriate v...

1.  Early placement of chicks in the house , access to fresh clean water and feed after arrival is important . The time of transport from the hatchery to the farm should be as quick as possible .This is because the hatch window might be close to 12-24 hrs after hatching and there is no need for further delay once you have collected your birds from the hatchery/sales point. On placement, provide an hour of clean water mixed with glucose or Vitaflash , and wait to give feed until the one hour period of water is done.  This helps to avoid constipation issues in chicks! Once again, make sure good feed and fresh clean drinking water is readily available and easily accessible to reduce time for searching for feed and water by the newly arrived chicks. Please note that putting water/drinkers near pots or any other heat source is not good, when water is hot birds do not drink it. Four hours after placement, randomly pick some of the chicks and check the crop fill .The target crop fill...

1- Not Noticing a sick bird in time It is very important to observe your birds everyday so that in case you have a sick or injured bird you will notice it in time to remove it for treatment. Becoming accustomed to your bird’s normal behavior, and observing them daily is a good idea. Your birds all should be active and have nice bright eyes, healthy red or pink combs, and their feathers should be clean, glossy and well preened. 2- Not Being Financially Prepared Most new farmers always make a mistake of starting poultry farming without having a cost analysis report and doing feasibility studies. You have to keep the resources on ground to fund your farming venture from start to finish. This will help you from having an abandoned project. To be successful in poultry farming business you have enough money in order to purchase feeds, drugs and so many other things that may arise in the course of the poultry rearing. 3- Keeping Toxic Chemicals Around  Inside The Poultry House Most chemic...

Now your birds are settled in rearing pen. There are certain practices that will be of great help. Allow quality layers of litter materials in the rearing pen (use wood shaven not sawdust)  Quality litter materials promote conducive environment to your birds by cushions the effect of floor temperature, absorb moisture and dilute feaces... Moreover regular changing of litter materials will prevent amonia build up... which will greatly prevent diseases like coryza, coccidiosis among others Pen house should be well ventilated. The sides wall shouldn't be more than 3 couches block. Use of aluminum zink should be discouraged because this can generate excess heat... Build pen against the prevailing wind and storm to prevent rain drought into your pen. Study sun movement in your locality before erecting your pen. It should be built in such a way that sun rays can't be found in your pen during the day. This will help you against heat stroke leading to sudden death. Make your pen high e...

Erysipelas is an infectious disease mostly of growing or adult swine. It may be clinically inapparent, may cause acute illness involving many animals, or be a chronic disease characterized by enlarged joints, lameness, and endocarditis. Rhomboid skin (diamond-skin) lesions are an inconsistent feature only associated with acute cases. Occurrence Erysipelas occurs in swine, lambs and turkeys. It occurs occasionally in other poultry and many kinds of wild birds. Seasonal distribution has not been documented but losses may be greater during warm summer months. Sporadic outbreaks are seen in most kinds of livestock, wild mammals (including rodents), reptiles and amphibians. Erysipeloid, a localized skin infection, occasionally occurs in people who work with infected animals or process meats, poultry, fish or animal by-products. In humans, the disease referred to as “erysipelas” is actually caused by a streptococcal infection. Epidemiology Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is thought to be spread...

Paralysis or lameness in broiler chicken is one of the top welfare crises faced by many broiler farmers despite improvements in genetics, health, and nutrition associated with broiler farming over the years. Paralysis and lameness is common among poultry farmers especially broiler farmers, a lots of factors are responsible. The first thing to do is to understand the root cause of the condition and the possible ways to reduce or stop the sufferings of the broiler chickens involved, and restore them to good health, and also prevent feature occurrence of this condition. The Use of Certain Antibiotics Such As Enrofloxacin On some rapid growing, fast weight gaining birds such as broiler chicken, after using it for 3-5 days in drinking water. It was discovered that it is capable of causing lameness and leg abnormalities in those birds especially broilers chicken.   Vitamin Deficiency This may Lead to Paralysis and Lameness Lack of essential vitamins such as vitamin E. can result in a con...

 Classification of feed stuffs (ingredient) and examples Its broad though Feedstuffs can be defined as any  component of a  diet that serves some useful function Most feedstuffs provide one or  more of nutrients such as protein, lipids and oil, carbohydrates, minerals, or vitamins The International Feed Identification System classified  feedstuffs into eight general categories. 1. Roughages - Dry  forages and roughages 2. Pasture, range plants and forages fed fresh  3. Silages &  hayleges 4. Energy  feeds  5. Protein supplements 6. Mineral supplements 7. Vitamin supplements  8. Additives. In addition  9) Filler (fibre supplement) 1) Roughages or Dry  forages and roughages  a) All forages and roughages cut &  cured, and other  products with more than 18% crude  fiber or  containing  more than 35%  cell wall (dry basis).  b) Carbonaceous roughages (low protein) - Straws, Stalks...

 PREVENTION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS⁣ There is no live or attenuated vaccine for the prevention of ASF therefore control of the virus is reliant on strict biosecurity.⁣ ⁣ • Do not feed domestic pigs food waste; this is illegal in the UK, other EU regions and some states within the US⁣ ⁣ • Where ‘permitted garbage feeding’ is legal in US states, pigs fed this way are prohibited from exportation.⁣ ⁣ • Do not leave food waste exposed for wild swine species to access. Dispose of food waste properly.⁣ ⁣ • Abide by strict biosecurity rules. Do not take pig meat onto farms, or restrict all food (and consumption of food) to a canteen. All staff on farm should be inducted onto a strict programme of hand and equipment sanitisation before and after contact with pigs.⁣ ⁣ • Follow rules and regulations on disposal of food waste at ferry ports and airports.⁣ ⁣ • Provide the means for staff and visitors to thoroughly sanitise their hands and equipment.⁣ ⁣ • Ensure that wild boar, warthogs and...

 Why Feed Formulation? The main reason for feed formulation is to compound a diet that contain both   micro and marco feed ingredients stuff at the appropriate manner to meet the nutrient   requirement of our livestock. Rule of thumbs to be considered when formulating feed for our live stock: 1. The feed must meet nutrient requirement of animal you are formulating for.  2. The feed must be 100%.  3. The feed must be multi ingredient.  4. The feed must have a good shelf life.  5. The feed must be economical and cost effective.  6. The feed must contain both variable and fixed ingredient.  7. Avoid using spoilt feedstuff to prevent feed poisoning Explanation 1) The main reason why we must formulate feed to meet nutrient requirement of our animal to make them grow fast 2)when your feed is 100% it makes it balance and also makes it easy for you to calculate any kg of feed Conversion to a tonne will be easier 3) advantage of using multi ...

Traditional Feed Processing Different feeds are mixed and boiled to make pig feed more palatable. There are 2 types of traditional processing: Mixing all the different feeds together (rice bran, broken rice, crushed maize and soya, dried legume leaves, etc.) in proportion and giving it directly to the pigs. Cooking the different raw materials together to improve digestibility, and to breakdown toxins from some feeds such as raw cola-cassia, banana stem, maize and soya grains, beans, kitchen waste, forage crops, and similar. Food Waste Feeding to Swine is also commonly known as Garbage Feeding or Swill. Food waste or garbage fed to swine must be cooked and sterilized properly. Feeding Forest Products Pig feed can also be prepared with forest products (wild vegetables, wild bananas, wild cola – cassia etc). At the same time, food waste can be used as well. Currently, growing legumes as feed for village pig production is having a big impact on the livelihoods of rural families in Nepal. F...

Honey is a sweet liquid made by bees using the nectar from flowers. It is graded by color, with the clear, golden amber honey often fetching a higher retail price than the darker varieties. The flavor of a particular type of honey will vary based on the types of flower from which the nectar was harvested. Both raw and pasteurized forms of honey are available. Raw honey is removed from the hive and bottled directly, and as such will contain trace amounts of yeast, wax, and pollen. Consuming local raw honey is believed to help with seasonal allergies, due to repeated exposure to the pollen in the area. Pasteurized honey has been heated and processed to remove impurities. Honey has high levels of monosaccharides, fructose, and glucose, and it contains about 70 to 80 percent sugar, which provides its sweetness. Honey also has antiseptic and antibacterial properties. Modern medical science has managed to find uses for honey in chronic wound management and combating infections Fast facts on ...

Weaners Weaning is the most stressful period in a pig’s life, so alter the diet as gradually as possible because any sudden changes will reduce performance. Intake in first few days after weaning is key. Offer the same diet as fed pre-weaning for approximately a week or until the animal is about 9kg, as this will keep growth checks to a minimum. “There are already lots of changes going on for the pig, so using the same creep immediately post-weaning will provide some constancy and the ingredients will help mimic the nutrition the piglet gained at suckling,” Dr Baynes says. He advises that the ration is revised up to three times over the course of the weaner phase, he says. “Most producers use two if not three rations from 40kg to 115kg liveweight, tweaking these as the pig’s need for the more expensive components in the ration – the ingredients providing energy and protein – reduces.” From weaning to 15kg liveweight, the digestible energy (DE) requirement is typically about 16 megajoul...

Chickens      Mass production of Chicken meat and eggs began in the early 20th century, but by the middle of that century meat production had outstripped egg production as a specialized industry. The market for chicken meat has grown dramatically since then, with worldwide exports reaching nearly 12.5 million metric tons (about 13.8 million tons) by the early 21st century. The breeds of chickens are generally classified as American, Mediterranean, English, and Asiatic. While there are hundreds of breeds in existence, commercial facilities rely on only a select few that meet the rigorous demands of industrial production. The single-comb White leghorn a Mediterranean breed widely used throughout the global egg industry, is a prolific layer that quickly reaches sexual maturity. The Cornish Cross, a hybrid of Cornish and White rock is one of the most-common breeds for industrial meat production and is esteemed for its compact size and rapid, efficient growth. Small ...

  A carefully controlled that avoids crowding, chilling, overheating, or frightening is almost universal in poultry farming. Cannibalism, which expresses itself as toe picking, feather picking, and tail picking, is controlled by debeaking at one day of age and by other management practices. The feeding, watering, egg gathering, and cleaning operations are highly mechanized. Birds are usually housed in wire cages with two or three animals per cage, depending on the species and breed, and three or four tiers of cages superposed to save space. Cages for egg-laying birds have been found to increase production, lower mortality, reduce cannibalism, lower feeding requirements, reduce diseases and Parasites, improve culling, and reduce both space and labour requirements. Poultry breeding is an outstanding example of the application of basic genetic principles of inbreeding and Crossbreeding as well as of intensive mass selection to effect faster and cheaper gains i...

Chickens ,(Gallus gallus), any of more than 60 breeds of medium-sized Poultry that are primarily descended from the wild red jungle Fowl  (Gallus gallus, family phasianidae, Order Galliformes of India. The chicken is perhaps the most widely domesticated fowl, raised worldwide for its meat and Eggs. Despite the chicken’s close relationship with the red jungle fowl, there is evidence that the gray jungle fowl (G. sonneratii) of southern India and other jungle fowl species, also members of Gallus, may have contributed to the bird's ancestry. There is some debate about what the chicken’s scientific name should be. Although many taxonomists and ornithologists consider it as a domesticated form of the wild red jungle fowl, some classify it as a subspecies of the red jungle fowl (i.e., G. gallus domesticus), whereas others, including the US Department of Agriculture , classify the bird as G. domesticus. Natural history  Chickens have a squat and rounded ...

  PreSlaughter handling  When the birds have reached “harvest” time, they are generally taken off of feed and water. This allows their digestive tracts to empty and reduces the potential for contamination during processing. At night the birds are caught by specially trained crews and placed into plastic or wooden transport cages. The birds are then transported to the slaughterhouse, where the trucks are often kept between sets of fans to ventilate the cages. In the next step the birds are removed from the cages and transferred to continuously moving shackles where they are suspended by both legs. The transfer is often done in a dark room illuminated by a red light; the birds are not sensitive to the red light and this helps to keep them calm. The handling and transfer of birds both on the farm and at the slaughterhouse can be stressful. Stress can have negative effects on the quality of the final meat product, and therefore efforts are constantly being made to improve the pres...

Poultry is a term used to refer to all domesticated birds, Difference Birds ,Chickens, Pigeons, Ducks,Turkeys are found to be Widely Spread Across the country Except for Guinea Fowl.Poultry is a major source of consumable animal protein.                                                                                                                         Ch aracteristics Of Poultry Poultry is derived from the skeletal muscles of various birds and is a good Source of protein,Fat, Vitamins and minerals in the diet.                                                  ...

Fingerlings are essential part of every fish production. Growing fish in earthen ponds is an ancient practice, and ponds continue to be the most common fish culture system used worldwide. Over 95 percent of the catfish produced in the United States are grown in ponds. Nevertheless, pond culture of channel catfish is profitable only when the proper combination of resources is available. Water temperature cannot be controlled in ponds, and commercial pond culture is feasible only in regions that provide a growing season long enough to produce a 1-pound fish from egg in less than 18 months. Pond culture also requires large tracts of relatively inexpensive land. The land must be of the correct topography and soil type for economical construction and operation of ponds. Pond culture is water-intensive, and large volumes of high-quality water must also be readily available. Even when these resources are available, production of fish in ponds will be uneconomical if there is no market for th...

Longevity is affected by the environment in which the sows live. A vital factor is the strategy used by the farmer to cull the sows. The culling strategy is influenced by herd-specific procedures, except in cases where animal welfare or biosecurity guidelines necessitate involuntary culling. These guidelines describe when sows should be culled. However, the farmer’s own opinion of what constitutes a good production sow will also influence the culling decision. The differences in culling strategies between herds make it difficult to identify what is required for a sow to achieve high longevity. In general, the reproductive ability of a sow is influenced by different factors relating to both voluntary and involuntary culling. Longevity is, however, an important aspect of maintaining highly efficient and healthy sows in the pig pro-duction industry. Moreover, a robust sow with a long reproductive life must be considered a more sustainable sow, than a sow with a shorter reproductive lif...

Anthrax, a highly infectious and fatal disease of cattles, sheep and goat and is caused by a relatively large spore-forming rectangular shaped bacterium called  Bacillus anthracis . Anthrax occurs on all the continents,causes acute mortality in ruminants. The bacteria produce extremely potent toxins which are responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. The bacteria produce spores on contact with oxygen.  Signs of the illness usually appear 3 to 7 days after the spores are swallowed or inhaled. Once signs begin in animals, they usually die within two days. Hoofed animals, such as deer, cattle, goats, and sheep, are the main animals affected by this disease. They usually get the disease by swallowing anthrax spores while grazing on pasture contaminated (made impure) with anthrax spores. Inhaling (breathing in) the spores,which are odorless, colorless, and tasteless, may also cause infection in animals and people. In the case of terrorism,...

Crumbled feed Pellet feed Mash feed Some first time  or inexperienced poultry farmers who don't wish to ask questions about which feed is or are for which type of poultry always face feed mix up challenge. Layers are poultry reared mainly for egg production either at commercial level or personal use. Now let's help you know your layers feed and when they are needed by your birds 1. CHICK STARTER MASH/CRUMBLED This is a high protein rich variety of chicken feed designed to meet the dietary requirements of baby chicks. Basically, baby chicks can live comfortably on a diet of starter feed and water for the first           6-7weeks of their life before progressing onto the next variety of feed. The crude protein content is usually between 20-24% and it helps young chicks grow into playful pullets, however it’s imperative that you phase out the starter feed once they are 6 or 7weeks old, otherwise the excess protein can cause liver damage. 2....