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ANTHRAX DISEASE OF ANIMALS

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Anthrax, a highly infectious and fatal disease of cattles, sheep and goat and is caused by a relatively large spore-forming
rectangular shaped bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax occurs on all the continents,causes acute mortality in ruminants. The bacteria produce extremely potent toxins which are
responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. The bacteria produce spores on
contact with oxygen.
 Signs of the illness usually appear 3 to 7 days after the spores are
swallowed or
inhaled. Once signs begin in animals, they usually die within two days. Hoofed animals, such as deer, cattle, goats, and sheep, are the main
animals affected by this disease. They usually get the disease by swallowing anthrax spores while grazing
on pasture contaminated (made impure) with anthrax spores. Inhaling (breathing in) the spores,which are
odorless, colorless, and tasteless, may also cause infection in animals and people. In the case of terrorism, large numbers of anthrax spores may be
released into the air.

Causal Organism : 
It is a bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Symptoms:
Sudden death (often within 2 or 3 hours of being apparently normal) is by far the most common sign;
Very occasionally some animals may show trembling, a high temperature
Difficulty breathing, collapse and convulsions before death. This usually occurs over a period of 24 hours;
After death blood may not clot, resulting in a small amount of bloody discharge from the nose,mouth and other openings

Treatment and control
Due to the acute nature of the disease
resulting  in sudden death, treatment is usually not possible in animals even though anthrax bacilli are clines.
Treatment is of use in cases showing sub-acute form of the disease.
In most cases, early treatment can cure
anthrax.
The cutaneous (skin) form of anthrax can be treated with common antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin (Cipro).

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